Introduction: Chronic disorders persist for a long period, adversely affecting the ability of the patients to function normally. As an important personality dimension, promotion of psychological adjustment plays a pivotal role in the acknowledgement of emotions by patients with chronic diseases. This study aimed to compare the six main personality dimensions based on the HEXACO model in diabetic and normal individuals.

Methodology: This causal-comparative research was conducted using the post-event evaluation method on all the patients with type II diabetes in Bonab city, Iran in 2014. From the sample population, 41 diabetic patients were selected via purposive sampling and matched with 42 healthy individuals in terms of age, gender, and education level. For data collection, both groups completed the 100-item HEXACO questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.21.

Results: According to the results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), diabetic patients had higher irritability (F=4.87, P<0.05) and lower compatibility (F=9.61, P<0.01) compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the dimensions of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and honesty-humility.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, personality dimensions are associated with several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Diabetes has a negative impact on different personality dimensions of the patients, as in this study, diabetic patients were found to have higher irritability and lower compatibility compared to healthy individuals.