Introduction: Mental health of adolescents with type II diabetes is affected by several factors including personality characteristics and religious attitudes. The present study was performed to evaluate the relationship between personality characteristics, religious attitudes, and mental health among adolescents with type II diabetes in order to propose nursing care strategies.

Methodology: In this descriptive, analytical, correlational study, all adolescents with type II diabetes, referring to a healthcare center in Gharchak, Iran were recruited in 2015. A total of 120 patients were selected via simple random sampling. The participants completed the personality characteristics questionnaire (PCQ), religiosity attitude questionnaire (RAQ), and general health questionnaire (GHQ). For data analysis, Pearson’s correlation test and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were performed, using SPSS version 19.

Results: The findings showed a negative and significant relationship between neuroticism, external religiosity, and mental health in adolescents with type II diabetes. Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between mental health and extroversion, compatibility, conscientiousness, and internal religiosity in adolescents with type II diabetes. In the prediction model, variables such as conscientiousness, extroversion, and internal religiosity predicted 28.1% of the variance in mental health among adolescents with type II diabetes (P≤0.01).

Conclusion: Based on the present results, counselors and therapists should take these factors into account and design appropriate programs for the improvement of mental health in adolescents with type II diabetes.