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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and the most prevalent medical condition in pregnancy. Gestational diabetes had adverse effects such as macrosomia, fetal abnormalities, birth defects, premature birth, unexplained stillbirth, and complications after birth. Diabetes is not curable, but it can be controlled. Dietary regimen is the first step in the management and treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on adherence to dietary regimen in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 pregnant women with gestational diabetes in 2015. The samples were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed in two stages of pre- and post-intervention. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results: In the experimental group, the mean scores of awareness and components of health belief model significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.001). The mean performance score significantly increased after training (P<0.001).

Conclusion: This model has increased the perception of risk and benefits of behavioral change in pregnant women, which can eliminate obstacles and improve their performance regarding nutrition.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic disorders is the most common disease in the world, which is on a rapidly growing trend. This disease causes dangerous complications, including cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, hypertension, ocular complications, and psychiatric disorders, each of which can singly affect the individuals’ quality of life. Regarding this, it seems essential to implement some interventions based on educational models and patterns to improve the quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational interventions, namely health promotion model and health belief model, on the quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly divided into two groups receiving two different educational interventions, namely Pender’ health promotion model (n=30) and health belief model (n=30). After filling out the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) by the participants, they were subjected to the educational interventions for four weeks. After the intervention, SF-36 was completed again. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.

Results: Based on the results, the mean quality of life score in the Pender’s health promotion model group was 52.12±10.19 prior to the intervention. However, this score increased to 68.21±9.91 after the intervention. The statistical comparison of the mean quality of life scores before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in this group (P=0.001). Furthermore, regarding the health belief model group, the mean quality of life was 50.01±12.22 before the intervention, which increased to 69.94±12.86 following the intervention. Likewise, there was a significant difference in the mean quality of life in this group before and after the intervention (P=0.001). The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in terms of the mean quality of life before the intervention (P=0.09). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard after the intervention (P=0.11).

Conclusion: According to the findings, the educational models and patterns can be effective in the improvement of the quality of life in diabetic patients. Nonetheless, the two models showed no superiority over each other.

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Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease, and one of its consequences is reduced sexual function. Sexual health education is one of the approaches to overcome this condition. In health education, different models have been designed to change harmful behaviors in society. These models include Health Belief Model and Pender Health Promotion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual health education based on two models of Pender and Health Belief on sexual function of females with type II diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 diabetic patients who were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using demographic characteristics form and Rosen's sexual function questionnaire. Before intervention, sexual function of patients was measured using Rosen questionnaire. Subsequently, the intervention group participated four 90-minute educational sessions on a weekly basis in accordance with the educational model. Following that, the intervention group were asked to complete the Rosen questionnaire again. The obtained data were imported into SPSS software (version 21) and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Comparison of pre-test and post-test showed an increase in the mean total score of sexual function and sub-scales of Pender in the intervention group from 17.93 (2.21) to 20.69 (2.22). It should be mentioned that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in this regard before and after the intervention (P=0.000). Moreover, the mean score of sexual function and its subscales in the Health Belief group increased from 18 (2.97) to 21.65 (2.38), which showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention in this group (P=0.000). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: Comparison of sexual function scores after the intervention in both groups indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, except for the scale of psychological stimulation. According to the results of this study, it seems that the utilization of educational models based on Pender Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model have significant effects on the sexual function of females with type II diabetes.
 

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Introduction: Data collection is a crucial step in any study, requiring access to a valid and reliable tool. The health belief model has long been utilized to promote preventive behaviors across various domains. Therefore, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessing preventive behaviors in individuals with type II diabetes, based on the constructs of the health belief model.
Materials and Methods: This methodological study, conducted from 2017 to 2018, involved extracting instrument items from two sources: 1) a review of relevant texts and articles, and 2) an examination of existing questionnaires. The tool's psychometrics were evaluated using classical test theory. To establish the tool's validity, face and content validity were assessed, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed to determine internal consistency. The findings were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.
Results: During the content validity stage, the average CVR and CVI were found to be 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the constructs were as follows: perceived sensitivity 0.56, perceived intensity 0.83, perceived barriers 0.71, perceived benefits 0.86, self-efficacy 0.82, and cues to action 0.79. The overall internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.82.
Conclusion: This study's findings demonstrate that the preventive behaviors questionnaire, based on the health belief model's constructs, exhibits good validity and reliability for use in individuals with type II diabetes.