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Introduction: Diabetes is one of the major and real stress in life that is controlled by a Several factors Including the behavioral factors, attitude and healthcare. so integrating social and psychological aspects of the bio-psycho-social model approach to chronic disease is essential. This study investigated the relationship between attachment style and self-efficacy and self-care in type 2 diabetic patients.

 

Methodology: In this cross - sectional study, 200 members of diabetes association of shahrekord with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected data collection included demographic questionnaire, the adult attachment scale, diabetes self-efficacy scale (CIDS) and Glasgow and Tolbert Diabetes self-care scale.the data were analyzed using  SPSS software.

 

Results: The relationship between attachment styles and diabetes self-efficacy and self-care was significant (p ˂ 0/01). The attachment styles with (p˂0/05)and(p ˂ 0/001), predicts diabetes self-efficacy and self-care respectively.

 

Conclusion: Attachment styles Affected by internal active models and the structure of the memories that has been established in relationship disease such as loss, threats, isolation and dependence, enables attachment behavior. So,checkout the attachment style so patients at the rapeutic relationship is essential because attachment style that formed in childhood, continues into adulthood and seems to be one of the most important factors in therapeutic relationship.

 

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� Introduction : Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases. Health literacy is beyond one&rsquos reading and writing knowledge and refers to making appropriate health decisions by patients. Self-efficacy is one&rsquos understanding of his/her ability to control his/her behaviors and behavioral outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy and self-efficacy in patients with type II diabetes, referring to the diabetes clinic of Gorgan, Iran.

� Materials and Methods : In this descriptive, correlational study, 100 diabetic patients were selected via convenience random sampling in 2014. Data were collected using questionnaires on demographic characteristics, health literacy and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by descriptive (e.g., mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tests (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression and analysis of variance).

� Results : Health literacy and self-efficacy scores of the participants were 86.7�21.9 (borderline) and 18.7�6.139 (moderate), respectively. There was a significant relationship between health literacy and educational level (P=0.01), occupational status (P= 0.02) and access to information (P=0.01). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and educational level (P=0.01), occupational status (P=0.001) and access to information (P=0.04). Also, health literacy and self-efficacy were significantly associated (r=0.72 and P<0.01).

� Conclusion : Health literacy and self-efficacy in diabetic patients contribute to health prediction in these individuals. The importance and necessity of health literacy and self-efficacy in educational interventions for diabetic patients have highlighted the need for attention to these issues for promoting self-care in patients.

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Introduction: Diabetes is one of the major and real stress in life that is controlled by a Several factors Including the behavioral factors, Mental disorder And reduce stress in patients can Person in self-help and better control of disease, so this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and Self- Efficacy in diabetic patients.

Methodology: This study is a descriptive correlational study. 100 diabetic patients were selected by Simple random. Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (CIDS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were applied to obtain data. To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistical analyses including Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS.

Results: The findings of this study showed a significant correlation between Self-Efficacy and mental health of diabetic patients (P<0.0001, r= -0.68). The linear regression results showed that mental health predicts 34 % of variance in Self-Efficacy.

Conclusion: The results indicated that increased mental health improves Self-Efficacy of the diabetic patients which, in turn, aides individuals to encounter their problems.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease and can lead to serious

complications such as blindness, limb amputation, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease.

Gestational diabetes is diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance for the first time during pregnancy.

On the other hand, there is a relationship between diabetes and self-efficacy. One of the important

patterns that builds on the ability of individuals and their needs for self-care is our self-care model.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-care education program based

on self-care pattern of Orem on self-efficacy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study of pre and post type, which was

performed on 42 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. The data collection tools were

demographic information questionnaire and diabetes self-efficacy scale (CIDS), which were

completed and compared before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software

version 22

Results: The mean of self-efficacy score was 52.66 ± 5.27 before the intervention, but after the

intervention, the mean score of this score was 77.21 ± 9.13, which can be said to be samples after

participation in Educational sessions have a high level of self-efficacy. Comparison of mean score

of self-efficacy before and after intervention was statistically significant (P = 0.01).

Conclusion: The results showed that using self-care education using Orem self-care model for

GDM patients increases the average performance of all aspects of self-efficacy in these

individuals. According to this, if self-care program implementation can be continued according to

patient's self-care needs and can be tailored to the level of their perception, they can achieve

positive results in the health of these people and help them to improve their health.

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Introduction: Type I diabetes is the most common chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence. Long-term and short-term complications of the disease affects the patient's ability for self-care behaviors that. Given that a factor affecting self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and some related factors in adolescents with type I diabetes were studied.

Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was performed on adolescents with diabetes. 100 adolescents with diabetes were selected by census method. Demographic information questionnaire  and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale(DMSES) were applied to obtain data.to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive Statistics, Independent t and multivariate regression analysis were performed using spss18.

Results: Average score adolescents with diabetes self-efficacy was 91/68±21/06. Between self-efficacy scores were statistically significant differences between male and female adolescents (p=0.04). Pearson test showed a direct relationship between blood glucose control component with age (p=0.005), sex (p=0.006) and education (p=0.002). Also There was a significant relationship between Medical care component with Birth rank (p=0.002), age(p=0.000), duration of illness (p=0.007), education (p=0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only gender had the ability to predict self-care behaviors (p=0.04).

Conclusion: Sex is one of the factors affecting self-efficacy in adolescents with diabetes and Predicts self-care behaviors. The Birth rank can affect the self-efficacy of adolescents in medical care component.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease, which requires self-management. Self-efficacy is an essential factor for affecting self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. The patients who enjoy higher self-efficacy can better manage their care. Regarding this, the aim of the current study was to determine the level of self-efficacy in the diabetic patients referring to a healthcare center in Babol, Iran, in 2016..
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 diabetic patients referring to the Siahkola Rural Healthcare Center in Babol. The study population was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was performed using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale  that was filled out through the implementation of interviews with patients. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using the independent t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.75±11.48 years. In addition, the patients had the mean self-efficacy of 52.64±9.61. Based on the results of the ANOVA and t-test, self-efficacy showed a significant relationship with the age (P=0.001), gender (P=0.002), level of education (P=0.001), occupation (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.047), body mass index (P=0.029), type of diabetes (P=0.001), sports (P=0.001), and diet (P=0.002). Moreover, the males, those with higher education levels, employees, and single people had a higher mean self-efficacy score.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, self-efficacy was at a moderate level among the participants. Therefore, given the significance of self-efficacy as the most important determinant of self-care behaviors among the diabetic patients, this construct should be promoted and emphasized in educational programs.

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Introduction: Diabetes is the most common chronic disease in Iran and countries across the world. The most important causes of mortality and complications in this disease are impaired compliance and reduced quality of life resulting in the unfulfillment of the associated needsRoy’s adaptation model can help improve the level of compliance, thereby facilitating a better control of the disease and enhancement of the quality of life. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of nursing intervention based on "Roy’s adaptation model" on adaptation dimensions in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 diabetic patients referring to the Diabetes Clinic of Zabol, Iran, in 2016. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=23) and control (n=25). The intervention group was subjected to an educational-supportive intervention based on the "Roy’s adaptation model" for 10 weeks. Four weeks after the end of the intervention, the two groups were compared with each other. The data were collected by means of a demographic information form, review and knowledge form of Roy, and questionnaire of adaptation strategies. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software using the descriptive statistics, independent and paired sample t-tests, as well as Chi-square test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of non-adaptive behaviors, namely self-perception, self-efficacy, independence, and dependence. However, after the intervention, the intervention groups showed a significant decrease in the aforementioned non-adaptive behaviors, compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Roy’s adaptation model as an effective intervention can be helpful in the improvement of adaptation, health status, and quality of life in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

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Introduction: Considering the importance and high prevalence of diabetes, it is necessary to consider the factors related to self-care in these patients in order to improve the health of the community. Regarding this, the present research was conducted to examine the causal model of self-care based on social support and health literacy through self-efficacy in the management of diabetes among diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 190 patients with diabetes mellitus referring to the endocrinologists in Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The study population was selected through convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Social Support, Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy in Diabetes Management, and Diabetes Self-care Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.
Results: The results showed significantly direct relationships between health literacy and self-care (β=0.18, P≤0.01), between social support and self-care (β=0.15, P≤0.05), between self-efficacy in the management of diabetes and self-care (β=0.39, P≤0.01) between health literacy and self-efficacy in managing diabetes (β=0.25, P≤0.01), and between social support and self-efficacy in diabetes management (β=0.25, P≤0.01). In addition, self-care showed indirect relationships with health literacy (0.09=β, P≤0.01) and social support (β=0.09, P≤0.01) through self-efficacy in the management of diabetes.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, health literacy and social support were effective not only in the management of diabetes through self-efficacy but also in self-care behaviors in diabetic patients.

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Introduction: Hope has a significant role in coping with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. It seems that the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes is one of the strategies for health promotion in these patients.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hope-based therapy in psychological capital among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental research was carried out on 40 patients with diabetes referring to the healthcare centers affiliated to Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, and Health Services in 2018-2019, using a pretest-posttest design. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of hope therapy. The intervention was based on the theory of hope proposed by Senyder, Herth, and Ruston and a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and positivism issues. The data were collected in three stages namely, before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention, using the psychological capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans et al. data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.
Result: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the psychological capital and its components (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of intervention was stable in the intervention group.
Conclusion: Hope therapy led to the improvement of psychological capital and its components (i.e., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy). Therefore, it is essential to consider hope therapy interventions when planning for the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes.

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Introduction: Metabolic control is a collection of tests and studies related to diabetes performed on a daily basis for 2 to 3 months. Self-efficacy means the belief of an individual in him/herself to successfully perform a particular behavior and expect the associated results. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic control and self-efficacy in diabetic patients in Qom, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total 325 patients with type II diabetes who referred to Diabetic Community in Qom through simple random sampling. Demographic information and standard self-efficacy in diabetic management questionnaires were used in this study. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) data sheet was used based on the last 3-month test results. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) using descriptive indices and analytical tests.
Results: The obtained results of this study showed that there was a significant reverse correlation between the mean score of self-efficacy with the mean scores of FBS and HbA1c. There was also a significant difference in self-efficacy scores in terms of gender (P<0.05). According to the results, self-efficacy showed predictive power of FBS and HbA1C reported as 22% and 18%, respectively.
Conclusion: The obtained results of this study showed that self-efficacy was at a moderate level among the patients. The levels of FBS and HbA1c did not indicate the optimal control of diabetes. It should be noted that there was a significant reverse correlation between self-efficacy with FBS and HbA1c, indicating that FBS and HbA1c levels decrease with the increase of self-efficacy score.

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Introduction: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases in older age-groups. The most important therapeutic principle in these patients is self-management and self-efficacy since the adherence to self-management models increases self-efficacy and quality of life in diabetic elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management program based on a 5A model on self-efficacy in elderly patients with diabetes referring to Razi Clinic, Ghaemshahr, Iran, in 2018.
Materials and Methods: This classical experimental study was performed on 90 diabetic elderly patients who were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received 12 training sessions of 30-45 minutes on a weekly basis. On the other hand, the control group received routine training. The data were collected using the standard questionnaire, and subsequently, they were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics (i.e., tables, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (i.e., independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA).
Results: According to the results of the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between two groups before and after intervention (P=0.47). However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups after intervention (P=0.001). Moreover, the incubation test showed a significant difference with the elimination of pre-test effect (P<0.01 and Eta=0.16). In total, 16% of the changes in self-efficacy could be due to the possibility of implementing a self-management model.
Conclusion: Considering the self-efficacy of the 5A model in patients with diabetes, this non-medical method can be used as an efficient and cost-effective intervention in patient education program.
 

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Introduction: Regard to the wide range of physical and psychological problems of patients with diabetes and high rates of diabetic patients in Iran and the presence of a many number of them in stressful work environments and for a several reasons, they have low self-efficacy perceptions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-care training on perceived job stress and perceived self-efficacy among type II diabetic patients at the Iranian Diabetes Association Center, Gabrick and some clinics based in Tehran in spring and summer of 2019.
Materials and Methods: this research is practical and quasi-experimental and the research design was pre-test and post-test with control group and 3 months’ follow-up. The statistical population of this study includes type 2 diabetic workers at the Iranian Diabetes Association Center, Gabrick and some clinics based in Tehran.  100 type II diabetic workers were contacted to participate in the research process, and 34 of them expressed their readiness to participate in a training program that was randomly divided into two groups of 17 each and assigned randomly in experimental and control groups and Self-care training was trained as treatment variable to diabetic patients, whereas no any training to control group. The instruments used in this study were perceived job stress questionnaire, perceived self-efficacy questionnaire and self-care training package. Data were analyzed by use of repeated analysis of variances and with use of SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the mean scores of job stress perception and self-efficacy perception in the post-test were higher than the pre-test group in the experimental group compared to the control group, which shows the improvement of the mentioned variables in the experimental group. In other words, self-care training has a significant effect on increasing the perception of job stress and self-efficacy in people with type II diabetes in the post-test phase (p <0.01) and this effect remains in the follow-up phase.
Conclusion: According to the result, it is suggested to managers of organizations and practitioners of the health system of Iran, the necessity of closed self-care education to reduce perception of job stress and improve perception of self-efficacy in type II diabetic workers and all employees of organizations.
 

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Introduction: Adolescents often struggle with changes in blood sugar levels due to developing conditions. A major part of diabetes management is improving self-efficacy and increasing treatment-dependency. The education provided on theory-based approaches is considered one of the most basic methods of treatment and control of diseases. The extended parallel process model is also regarded as one of the healthcare training models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the extended parallel process model on the self-efficacy of diabetic adolescents, Golestan Province, Iran, in 2019.
Materials and Methods: This classic interventional study with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 50 diabetic adolescents in Golestan Province selected by simple random sampling method in 2019. The intervention group received an educational program based on the extended parallel process model in 5-6-people per group for 5 sessions of 45-60 min twice weekly. The required data were collected using a demographic form and the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 23) using tables and mean scores for descriptive statistics and independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA for inferential statistics.
Results: The results of the ANOVA test, by removing the effect of the pretest, showed that teaching the extended parallel process model was effective on the self-efficacy of diabetic adolescents (Eta=0.63, P<0.01) predicting that 63% of posttest changes were attributed to the implementation of the intervention.
Conclusion: According to the findings, education based on the extended parallel process model and follow-ups after training sessions could increase the self-efficacy of adolescents with diabetes. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used to educate diabetic patients in clinics and medical centers.
 

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Introduction: Quality of life is of special importance in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life model in patients with type II diabetes based on health and efficiency beliefs mediated by self-management behaviors.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a correlational design. Moreover, the structural equations were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this study includeی all patients with type II diabetes referred to diabetes clinics in Abadan in 2018. The samples were selected using a purposeful sampling method, and a total of 254 patients with diabetes were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were then collected using the Diabetes Patients Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Health Beliefs Questionnaire, Self-Management Behaviors Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire in Diabetic Patients.
Results: The results of the analysis of the measurement confirmed the factor structure of the study scales. In addition, the test results of the structural model showed that the fit indices were in a good condition. Health beliefs also have a direct effect on the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes. Moreover, self-efficacy has direct and indirect effects on the quality of life (mediated by self-management behaviors).
Conclusion: The findings indicate the importance of the role of health beliefs and self-efficacy in the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes.
 

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Introduction: Self-care activities have been used as a framework for patient-centered diabetes education. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients who take a more active role in their care process achieve better health outcomes. The present study aimed to design a systematic review of scientific resources over the past decade to identify variables that determine self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes (T2D).
Materials and Methods: MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Med line, DOAJ, Oxford, and the Scientific Information Database for English and Persian language studies between August 2010 and 2019. The process of conducting and reporting this systematic review was guided according to the statements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).
Results: The literature search yielded 1,813 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. A total of 18 factors and variables determining self-care behaviors were obtained in patients with T2D. The most influential variables were self-efficacy, knowledge, level of education, age, duration of diabetes, and health literacy.
Conclusion: In sum, six main factors were identified as determinants of self-care behaviors in patients with T2D which self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of self-care and is expected to be considered in designing and implementing educational programs and behavior change in diabetic patients. Further studies in the future may support the findings of this review study.
 

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Introduction: Given the progression and high prevalence of diabetes in the world, some factors, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, are among the important issues in disease management. The present study aimed to compare the effects of family-centered and patient-centered education on the self-efficacy and self-esteem of patients with type II diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 84 patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory were used for data collection. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups receiving family-centered or patient-centered education in seven 45-minute training sessions. One month after the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were completed and the data were analyzed using Chi-square, as well as paired and independent t-tests in SPSS software (version 20).
Results: Participants did not differ significantly in mean self-efficacy and self-esteem scores before the intervention (P> 0.05). After the intervention, although the mean score of these two variables had increased in both groups, the increase was significantly higher in the family-centered group, as compared to that in the patient-centered group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, family-centered education is more effective than patient-centered education in the enhancement of self-efficacy and self-esteem of diabetic patients. In this regard, it is suggested that family-centered education be considered in other areas of diabetes
 

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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of face-to-face and online methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction on diabetes management self-efficacy and adherence to treatment among patients with diabetes during the coronavirus pandemic.
Methods: The present study followed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all diabetic patients referred to Parsian Diabetes Clinic (Tehran, Iran) in 2021. There were 15 people in each group selected through simple random sampling. Data collection tools included the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (Vanderbilt et al., 1999) and the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire in patients with chronic disease. Cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress management was performed in face-to-face and online methods in eight 90-min sessions. After data collection, data analysis was performed using the SPSS software (version 23).
Results: The results showed that face-to-face and online methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction had a significant effect on diabetes management self-efficacy (F=7.502, P=0.002); however, the difference between face-to-face and online methods was not significant. Additionally, the intervention in face-to-face and online methods had a significant effect on adherence to treatment (F=31.876, P=0.001), and the effect of the face-to-face intervention was greater than that of the online intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that the online method of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction can be used in quarantine conditions to provide psychological services for diabetic patients.

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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in life expectancy and self-efficacy among diabetic patients in Shahriar, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included a number of patients with diabetes referred to comprehensive health service centers in Shahriar, Iran, in 1400, from which 30 cases were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). After randomly dividing diabetic patients into experimental and control groups, eight 2-hour positive psychotherapy skill training sessions were presented to the participants in the experimental group for 2 months; however, the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed Schneider et al.'s Scale of Expectancy and Scherer's Self-Efficacy once before and once after the experimental intervention.
Results: Findings of the repeated measures ANOVA showed that positive psychotherapy training had a significant effect on life expectancy and self-efficacy among diabetic patients in Shahriar, Iran (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that positive psychotherapy training had a positive effect on life expectancy and self-efficacy.
 

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Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence of complications, including psychological problems, as well as personal, family, and social communication issues. This research aimed to predict psychological symptoms in type II diabetes patients based on self-efficacy, quality of life, and self-compassion.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study included all women and men suffering from type II diabetes referring to the specialized diabetes center of Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah in 2022. The samples (n=150) were selected by the available sampling method. The required data were collected using questionnaires, namely the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the simultaneous entry method.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between self-compassion score and psychological health in type II diabetes patients (r=-0.47, P<0.05). A significant relationship was observed between the feeling of self-efficacy (r=-0.67, P<0.05) and quality of life (r=-0.61, P<0.05) and psychological health in type II diabetes patients. The regression analysis also showed that 34% of the variance of the psychological symptoms score of diabetic patients could be explained based on predictor variables.
Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the self-compassion score and psychological symptoms in patients with type II diabetes, in such a way that with an increase in the average self-compassion score, the depression, anxiety, and stress scores decrease and vice versa

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, like any other chronic and debilitating disease, leads to problems that affect all aspects of the affected person's daily life. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional self-regulation and diabetes management self- efficacy in women with type II diabetes.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women with type II diabetes in the city of Tehran in the summer and autumn of 1401. In the first phase, 75 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 25 subjects) and one control group (25 subjects), and the experimental groups participated in emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. The Gross and John (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire and the Bijl and et al (1999) diabetes management self-efficacy scale were used to collect data were analyzed by repeated measures using SPSS version 24.
Results: The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on improving emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy (P<0.05).  In addition, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused therapy was more effective in emotional self-regulation and acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective in self-efficacy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Emotion -focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were therefore found to be effective interventions for emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy in women with type II diabetes.  It is therefore recommended that endocrinologists and diabetes associations include psychological interventions, including emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, in the care program for women with type II diabetes.