per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
341
351
article
Treatment Adherence in Diabetic Patients: An Important but Forgotten Issue
Seyed Mehdi Hashemi
1
Salhehoddin Bouya
ganjresearch@gmail.com
2
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is currently one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, which causes various complications. The chronic nature of this disease requires the use of different approaches toward the improvement of adherence to treatment in terms of diet, medications, and related behaviors. Considering the importance of the precise definition of the concepts associated with treatment adherence in diabetes, this study aimed to identify the exact definition, dimensions, barriers, and methods facilitating the improvement of treatment compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment adherence is referred to the commitment to carry out drug prescriptions and the implementation of expected health and lifestyle behaviors. The most important barriers to treatment compliance include the weak performance of the treatment team, social constraints, and personal helplessness. Furthermore, the most important strategies to increase treatment adherence are the improvement of patients' knowledge about the disease, test results, and importance of timely control of their complications, as well as the enhancement of the patient's performance and motivation in adherence to the regime treatment by reducing such barriers as fear, satisfaction, support, objective warnings, and inappropriate feedback. Although different dimensions of adherence to treatment are known for the patients, several studies have recommend further investigation of the causes of treatment failure.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf
Diabetic patients
Treatment adherence
Barriers
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
352
364
article
Diabetes Knowledge and Self-care Practice in Type II Diabetic Patients: An Immigrant Population-based Study
Leili Alizadeh
1
Leili Salehi
leilisalehi83@yahoo.com
2
Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University
Alborz university of medical sciences
Introduction: The global prevalence of diabetes is expected to increase. Diabetes knowledge and self-care practice are the most important factors in diabetes management. This study aimed to investigate the diabetes knowledge and self-care practice in relation to glucose control in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. In the Shahryar city took place in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 patients with type II diabetes mellitus referring to the diabetes clinic of Shahriar city, Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The subjects were selected through simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using demographic characteristic form, Tobert-Glacow self-care scale, and diabetic knowledge questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were a minimum of one year history of diabetes. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software using descriptive and analytic statistical tests (i.e., t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression analysis).
Results: The mean age of the participants was 50±14.65, and 42.4% of the subjects were male. The data analysis revealed no significant difference between the males and females in terms of diabetes knowledge and self-care practice. The majority of the participants had moderate level of diabetes knowledge and self-care practice. Dietary self-care and blood glucose monitoring were the most important factors predicting diabetic control.
Conclusion: As the findings of the study indicated, the provision of the diabetic patients with appropriate dietary and glucose monitoring training are of significant importance to control the disease.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf
Diabetes
Self-care
Diabetes Knowledge.
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
365
373
article
Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Characteristics of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Children with Pneumonia Admitted to Mofid Hospital of Tehran
Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
magidreza.ak@gmail.com
1
Zabol University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is an acute parenchymal lung infection with different clinical manifestations such as fever, cough, angina, and sputum production with infiltration in a radiographic cluster. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased sensitivity to infection, disability, and death. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic children with pneumonia.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted during October 2015-March 2016 on all the patients with acquired pneumonia hospitalized in the infectious ward of Mofid Pediatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups were compared in terms of the studied variables.
Results: Seventy-four patients diagnosed with acquired pneumonia were assigned to two groups of diabetic (32 subjects: 17 females and 15 males) and non-diabetic (42 subjects: 22 females and 20 males) subjects. In terms of laboratory findings, leukocytosis with 75%, polynucleosis with 44%, and culture (positive blood and sputum) with 28% were the most common findings, with leukocytosis and positive culture being more prevalent in diabetic patients. With respect to prevalence, the isolated pathogens included Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumonia; although they were more prevalent in diabetic patients, considering the overall number of patients, their prevalence rate was low. In other words, out of the 74 patients, only 15 (20%) subjects had positive bacteriological results..
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is considered as an independent predictor of the incidence of pleural involvement and mortality in the early stages of treatment for the prevention of death and debilitating complications of the disease.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.pdf
Diabetes
Pneumonia
Children
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
374
385
article
Effect of Eight Weeks of Yoga Training and Zinc Supplementation on the Levels of Interleukin-1 and C-reactive Protein in Women with Type II Diabetes
Najmeh Nasr Esfahani
najmehnasr98@gmail
1
Farzaneh Taghian
f_taghian@yahoo.com
2
islamic azad university , khorasgan branch
islamic azad university , khorasgan branch
Introduction: IL-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine, the high levels of which cause insulin resistance and type II diabetes. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of eight weeks of yoga training and consumption of zinc sulfate supplement on the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type II diabetes.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 women with type II diabetes were randomly assigned to four groups of yoga training, zinc sulfate supplementation, combination, and control. The yoga-training program included two 70-minute sessions per week during eight weeks. The supplement group consumed 220 mg of zinc sulfate once a day. The combined group both practiced yoga and consumed zinc sulfate supplementation for eight weeks. Blood samples were drawn to measure the levels of serum glucose, insulin, IL-1β, and CRP at two stages of pre- and post-intervention. One-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparisons in SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that after eight weeks, there was a significant difference in the mean levels of glucose (P=0.000), IL-1β (P=0.001), and CRP (P=0.000) between the experimental and control groups. However, insulin (P=0.23) and insulin resistance (0.29) did not show any significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion: According to our results, yoga training, consumption of zinc supplement, and their combination could lower the levels of IL-1β, CRP, and glucose. Supplement consumption elevated insulin level and diminished insulin resistance. Thus, zinc supplementation could be considered for the treatment of type II diabetes patients.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf
Yoga training
Zinc supplement
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Diabetes II
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
386
397
article
Evaluation of Self-efficacy in Diabetic Patients Referring to Babol Healthcare Center, Iran, in 2016
Hosein Mohseni pouya
1
Seyed Abolhasan Naghibi
anaghibi1345@yahoo.com
2
Tahereh Mohammadi
h_izy86@yahoo.com
3
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease, which requires self-management. Self-efficacy is an essential factor for affecting self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. The patients who enjoy higher self-efficacy can better manage their care. Regarding this, the aim of the current study was to determine the level of self-efficacy in the diabetic patients referring to a healthcare center in Babol, Iran, in 2016..
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 diabetic patients referring to the Siahkola Rural Healthcare Center in Babol. The study population was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was performed using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale that was filled out through the implementation of interviews with patients. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using the independent t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.75±11.48 years. In addition, the patients had the mean self-efficacy of 52.64±9.61. Based on the results of the ANOVA and t-test, self-efficacy showed a significant relationship with the age (P=0.001), gender (P=0.002), level of education (P=0.001), occupation (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.047), body mass index (P=0.029), type of diabetes (P=0.001), sports (P=0.001), and diet (P=0.002). Moreover, the males, those with higher education levels, employees, and single people had a higher mean self-efficacy score.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, self-efficacy was at a moderate level among the participants. Therefore, given the significance of self-efficacy as the most important determinant of self-care behaviors among the diabetic patients, this construct should be promoted and emphasized in educational programs.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf
Self-efficacy
Diabetic patients
Self-care
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
398
407
article
Comparison of the Effect of Two Educational Interventions Based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model on the Quality of Life in Type II Diabetic Patients
Sajedeh Noushirvani
1
Ali Mansouri
alimansuri1369@gmail.com
2
Zabol University of Medical Sciences
Zabol University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic disorders is the most common disease in the world, which is on a rapidly growing trend. This disease causes dangerous complications, including cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, hypertension, ocular complications, and psychiatric disorders, each of which can singly affect the individuals’ quality of life. Regarding this, it seems essential to implement some interventions based on educational models and patterns to improve the quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational interventions, namely health promotion model and health belief model, on the quality of life among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly divided into two groups receiving two different educational interventions, namely Pender’ health promotion model (n=30) and health belief model (n=30). After filling out the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) by the participants, they were subjected to the educational interventions for four weeks. After the intervention, SF-36 was completed again. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.
Results: Based on the results, the mean quality of life score in the Pender’s health promotion model group was 52.12±10.19 prior to the intervention. However, this score increased to 68.21±9.91 after the intervention. The statistical comparison of the mean quality of life scores before and after the intervention showed a significant difference in this group (P=0.001). Furthermore, regarding the health belief model group, the mean quality of life was 50.01±12.22 before the intervention, which increased to 69.94±12.86 following the intervention. Likewise, there was a significant difference in the mean quality of life in this group before and after the intervention (P=0.001). The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in terms of the mean quality of life before the intervention (P=0.09). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard after the intervention (P=0.11).
Conclusion: According to the findings, the educational models and patterns can be effective in the improvement of the quality of life in diabetic patients. Nonetheless, the two models showed no superiority over each other.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Health Belief Model
Quality of Life
Diabetes
per
Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Journal of Diabetes Nursing
2345-5020
2423-5571
2018-03
6
1
408
419
article
Comparative Study of Defensive Styles in Diabetic and Non-diabetics Patients
Jafar Hasani
1
Farshid Alipour
alipoorfarshid@yahoo.com
2
Leila Abdorahimi
3
Elahe Bodaghi
4
Saber Saeedpour
5
Mazaher Bodaghi
6
Kharazmi University, Tehran
Kharazmi University, Tehran
Islamic Azad University, Tabriz
Kharazmi University, Tehran
Kharazmi University, Tehran
Islamic Azad University of Arak
Introduction: Diabetes is a major health concern, and research on the psychological aspects of this disease has been neglected. One of the effective psychological factors is defensive style. Defensive style plays a decisive role in health behaviors, psychological disorders, and a wide range of psychosomatic disorders. In this study, we aimed to compare defensive style in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: In the framework of a causal-comparative design using convenience sampling method, 43 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting endocrinology clinics in Tehran were enrolled based on the inclusion criteria. Also, we selected a group of non-diabetic controls who were matched on demographic variables. The Defensive Style Questionnaire and a demographic form were used to gather information. To analyze the data, One-way analysis of variance was performed in SPSS, version 21.
Results: The results showed that diabetic patients used rationalization, projection, denial, scattering, devaluation, acting-out, somatization, fantasizing, dissociation, displacement, and passive aggressive immature defensive styles and reaction formation neurotic style more than the controls. In addition, patients with diabetes develop less sublimation and humor matured defensive style.
Conclusion: The present study showed that diabetic patients use more immature psychological defense mechanisms and neurotic style and less mature defensive styles than the normal controls. The results of this study can be used to design and recognize better interventional psychological programs in this group of patients.
http://jdn.zbmu.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf
Illness
Defensive style
Diabetes
Comparative study